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Personal time management skills, tools and tips, and time management training articles, templates for time management planning and strategy, plus more free training methos and materials. Project portfolio management - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is the centralized management of the processes, methods, and technologies used by project managers and project management offices (PMOs) to analyze and collectively manage current or proposed projects based on numerous key characteristics. The objectives of PPM are to determine the optimal resource mix for delivery and to schedule activities to best achieve an organization. It provides a framework for issue resolution and risk mitigation, as well as the centralized visibility to help planning and scheduling teams to identify the fastest, cheapest, or most suitable approach to deliver projects and programs. Pipeline Management. Fundamental to pipeline management is the ability to align the decision- making process for estimating and selecting new capital investment projects with the strategic plan. The focus on efficient and effective deployment of an organization. These can include financial resources, inventory, human resources, technical skills, production and design. In addition to project- level resource allocation, users can also midel . PPM provides a central repository for these change requests and the ability to match available resources to evolving demand within the financial and operational constraints of individual projects. Financial Management. In addition, the value of projects can be demonstrated in relation to the strategic objectives and priorities of the organization through financial controls and to assess progress through earned value and other project financial techniques. An analysis of the risk sensitivities residing within each project, as the basis for determining confidence levels across the portfolio. The integration of cost and schedule risk management with techniques for determining contingency and risk response plans, enable organizations to gain an objective view of a project uncertainties. Evolution of PPM. Another more senior audience had emerged, sitting at management and executive levels above detailed work execution and schedule management, who required a greater focus on process improvement and ensuring the viability of the portfolio in line with overall strategic objectives. In addition, as the size, scope, complexity, and geographical spread of organizations. This contrasts with the traditional approach of combining manual processes, desktop project tools, and PPM applications for each project portfolio environment. Business Drivers for EPPM. This more centralized approach, and resulting . It also ensures the organization continues to increase productivity and on- time delivery - adding value, strengthening performance, and improving results. Eliminate surprises: formal portfolio project oversight provides managers and executives with a process to identify potential problems earlier in the project lifecycle, and the visibility to take corrective action before they impact financial results. Build contingencies into the overall portfolio: flexibility often exists within individual projects but, by integrating contingency planning across the entire portfolio of investments, organizations can have greater flexibility around how, where, and when they need to allocate resources, alongside the flexibility to adjust those resources in response to a crisis. Maintain response flexibility: with in- depth visibility into resource allocation, organizations can quickly respond to escalating emergencies by maneuvering resources from other activities, while calculating the impact this will have on the wider business. Do more with less: For organizations to systematically review project management processes while cutting out inefficiencies and automating those workflows and to ensure a consistent approach to all projects, programs, and portfolios while reducing costs. Ensure informed decisions and governance: by bringing together all project collaborators, data points, and processes in a single, integrated solution, a unified view of project, program, and portfolio status can be achieved within a framework of rigorous control and governance to ensure all projects consistently adhere to business objectives. Extend best practice enterprise- wide: organizations can continuously vet project management processes and capture best practices, providing efficiency as a result. Understand future resource needs: by aligning the right resources to the right projects at the right time, organizations can ensure individual resources are fully leveraged and requirements are clearly understood. EPPM software also allows an organization to establish complete project capacity. Project Portfolio Optimization. Project Portfolio Optimization (PPO) is the effort to make the best decisions possible under these conditions. Further reading. Portfolio Management for New Products. Reading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley. Denney, Richard (2. Succeeding with Use Cases: Working Smart to Deliver Quality. Boston, Mass.: Addison- Wesley. Rajegopal, Shan; Philip Mc. Guin; James Waller (2. Project Portfolio Management: Leading the Corporate Vision. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 2. Optimizing Corporate Portfolio Management: Aligning Investment Proposals with Organizational Strategy. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 4. Fister Gale, Sarah (2. Prepare for the Unexpected: Investment Planning in Asset- Intensive Industries, Economist Intelligence Unit. EPMC, Inc.; Michael J. Stratton; Mark Wybraniec; Sarma Tekumalla; Mark Stabler; San Retna; Diane D. Miller; Michael Gosnear; Stephen Jenner; Michael Mee; Michael M. Project Portfolio Management: A View from the Management Trenches. Hultink; K. Lauche (2. Journal of Product Innovation Management (2. Determine the right project management software tool for your agency. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is the centralized management of the processes, methods, and technologies used by project managers and project management offices (PMOs) to analyze and collectively manage current or proposed. Effective prioritization is the essential skill you need to make the very best use of your own efforts and those of your team. 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Big bands are, for many college and university jazz programs in the U.S. Canada, the cornerstone of the curriculum. They are also one of the primary recruiting tools. As with all of Maynard Ferguson's late-Seventies/early Eighties output, it's important to recognize the context in which 'Hot' was recorded. I'm a young trombonist that is hooked on Maynard's big band. Even though he may have been past his prime in this recording, it is vintage screaming that only he can. The blog of environmental campaigner Robin Maynard. Covering sustainable food/farming; nature, wellbeing and health; and population and the environment. Chameleon is a 1974 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading. Specific issues of debt may or may not be characterized by definite maturity schedules. Consols, which represent obligations to pay interest in perpetuity, involve no obligation for a return of principal. Public debt must be distinguished from currency outstanding. The obligation on the part of a money- issuing governmental authority to the holder of currency is not public debt, since the claim can also be met in currency units. Public debt is created by the act of public borrowing, or, in other words, the act of floating public loans, the act of selling government securities. This is a process through which governmental units, in exchange for money (currency or demand deposits) give promises to pa/, this exchange being normally voluntary on the part of the lender. For governments the purpose of the exchange is that of securing current purchasing power with which they may purchase resource services, or final products. The issue of public debt is one means of financing government expenditures, alternative to taxation and to direct currency creation. Public debt is amortized, or retired, by a reverse transfer in which government gives up money for debt instruments, either through purchase on the open market or through scheduled maturity payments. Measurement. This does not represent the . The most current news is found on the home page of MaynardFerguson.com. Maynard Tribute CD by The Loudhorns Now.Varying composition of debt can affect its degree of liquidity for holders, as well as other characteristics. To the extent that debt instruments are valued for these nondebt features, the effective size of public debt, as such, is reduced. A more accurate measure of debt is produced by capitalizing the annual interest charges at some appropriate rate of discount, normally that rate which approximates the return on risk- free investment in the economy. An example will clarify this point. In terms of nominal maturity value, national debt may be of equal size, say $3. In the one case, however, if the debt is composed primarily of shortterm issues possessing a high degree of . In the other case, if the debt is largely funded, the interest charges may be as high as, say, $1. Public debt, indebtedness of a central government expressed in money terms, often referred to as national debt. The debt is computed differently by nearly every nation. For purposes of making intertemporal and international comparisons, the most appropriate measure is perhaps the ratio of annual interest charges to gross national or gross domestic product. Table 1 . Includes intragovernmental debt. Rounded to nearest percentage point. Source: International Financial Statistics. Brazil. 4,9. 11. 19. Canada. 17,6. 79. France. 24,9. 25. Germany. 61. 11. India. Japan. 2,5. 51. 7Norway. United Kingdom. 77,6. United States. 28. Public debt may characterize both national and local fiscal systems. Data are much more readily available for national debts, and that of some selected countries may be introduced for illustrative purposes. Table 1 shows the national debts of several selected countries in 1. United States dollar equivalents at official exchange rates. The right- hand column of Table 1 indicates the ratio of national debt to gross national product of the issuing country. The most significant fact that emerges from any comparative survey of national debts in the various countries, and one that is indicated from the data summarized in Table 1, is that no single country was, in 1. Among the major countries of the world, only for the United Kingdom was the size of the national debt larger than GNP. And for relatively few countries, developed or underdeveloped, is the ratio of national debt to GNP more than 5. There are several reasons for these results, some of which make their significance less than it might initially seem to be. Countries that are characterized by large national debts, measured proportionately to GNP, tend to be those that have enjoyed reasonably stable government, that have been victorious in wars, and that have experienced reasonable monetary stability over a relatively long period. Great Britain and the United States, both victorious in two world wars and both characterized by political stability and relatively moderate inflation, carry relatively heavier national debts than most other countries. Causality seems to work in only one direction here, however. Political and monetary stability do not result from large national debts; instead, large national debts emerge only in conditions of reasonable political and monetary stability. In the absence of these conditions, public borrowing will rarely be important as a means of financing public spending, and, even when it is successfully carried out, the creditors of the state may be subject to confiscation through inflation or through default. Historically, the large increases in national debts have been associated with the financing of war emergencies. This is illustrated by the growth of the United States national debt, shown for selected years in Table 2. Table 2 . Treasury Department data. Composition. The form in which debt is marketed affects the interest rate that must be paid, since various features, desired in themselves, may be offered complementary to what may be called . These come close to representing . The fixing of a definite maturity, which obligates the government to return the principal to the holder of claims, increases the liquidity of the claim, especially as maturity is approached. Hence, as maturities are shortened, liquidity is increased to the point at which short- term treasury bills take on a high degree of . These constant- value bonds, which provide holders with apparent protection against inflationary erosion in value, have been marketed at very low rates of interest. Great Britain, in the years since World War ii, has successfully introduced . Any definitions are, to an extent, arbitrary, but all issues of more than five- years maturity are generally called . Bonds are securities issued for long term. Notes and certificates are intermediate- term, and treasury bills are short- term. In almost all countries national debt is held in significant amounts by various governmental or quasi- governmental agencies. For some purposes it is desirable to include only debt held outside the governmental sector in measuring total debt. For other purposes intragovernmental debt should be included. Insofar as the agencies holding debt are, in fact, treated as being independently accountable units, both in their investing and in their paying functions, the public debt that these agencies hold is not different in effect from that held by the nongovernmental public. However, insofar as these agencies holding debt are not independent of direct treasury control, their holding does not constitute debt at all and could as well have been canceled at the outset. For the most part, intragovernmental debt represents some combination of these two institutional situations. It is also important to distinguish between the debt held by the nonbanking public and that held by the banking system and by certain categories within the banking system. To the extent that government securities are held by the central banks, they provide reserves for the commercial banking system, and changes in central bank holdings are indicative of important monetary movements in the economy. To the extent that commercial banks hold securities, potential reserves are available to them. Traditionally, debt held internally and debt held externally have been sharply distinguished. In a national accounting sense, the servicing of internally held debt does not require the transfer of income resources out of the national economy, whereas, of course, such a transfer is required for the servicing of an externally held debt. This point is relevant, even though it must be kept in mind that, other things being equal, the income base from which the transfers are to be made must be larger in the case of externally held debt, precisely by the amount of the necessary interest transfer. Management. Again, consols provide a useful reference point; if all public debt should consist of consols, management reduces to the payment of interest charges. Significant problems of management arise because issues must be refinanced, must be . These problems become more difficult as the proportion of floating debt in the total becomes larger and also as economic conditions over time become less stable. Recognition of management difficulties explains the traditional policy objective of funding the national debt to the maximum extent that is possible. This objective may conflict with other objectives that have been introduced into public policy. As national debts grow in importance, the annual interest payments assume relatively large shares of the governmental expenditure budget. This fact prompts recognition of the minimization of interest cost as an objective of debt management, one that is sharply in conflict with funding. Modern developments in the theory of macroeconomic policy have also forced the recognition that debt management exerts significant over- all effects on the economy. This produces a third possible management objective, that of supplementing macroeconomic policy in promoting stabilization- growth aims. In a period of threatened inflation both the funding and the macroeconomic objectives would dictate a shift out of short- term into long- term issues, but this would increase interest costs. By contrast, during a period of recession both the interest- cost and the macroeconomic objectives dictate a shift into short- term issues from long- term, but this runs afoul of traditional notions about funding. Mitsubishi Eclipse Manual . Low Everyday Prices. Complete coverage for your Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder GST Base GSX RS including routine maintenance, tune- up procedures, engine repair, cooling and heating, air conditioning, fuel and exhaust, emission.. Find great deals on eBay for Mitsubishi Eclipse Manual in Other Makes. Shop with confidence. The list of Mitsubishi service manuals and Mitsubishi repair manuals available for download on Nodevice in PDF, archives with additional service documents as schematics, block diagrams, part lists. 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